Web Site Ad Space Selling

"Promote your web site with high pagerank one way text link advertisements. You can buy or sell text link advertisements at LinkAdage Auctions - an online auction site that is built to help you find the links or link buyers you need."

But I think that it's worth emphasizing that you can - today - start selling ad space on your site and even purchase low-cost links on other sites.
For the most part, LinkAdage is focused on people who are into pagerank,so if you have a site that has a PR0 and a fair bit of traffic, you'll have a harder time selling ad space than if you have a PR5 and almost zero traffic.

Pleasantly, LinkAdage also has an affiliate program that you can sign up for, through an affiliate management company called shareasale.com. But the easiest way to sign up is to go to LinkAdage then click on the "Affiliate Program" choice on the LinkAdage Info menu along the top.

I can't really share specific ad sales figures with you, but if you check out my Casino Books Web site, all of the adverts in the right-side box were sold through LinkAdage, and they are all sold for a three-month period with no guarantee of any clicks or traffic. Just pagerank.

So if you have a nice Web site, have good pagerank, and would like to explore the possibility of selling your own ad space without having to fuss with finding buyers, LinkAdage could be an excellent solution for you.

Making Use Of Hobbies To Earn Money

Many people have hobbies. Retirees and housewives often have hobbies to help keep them occupied during moments of relaxation or boredom. But not many people realize that you can make money from most hobbies. By taking your hobbies and turning them into cash at flea markets and swap meets, you can easily earn a modest income while having fun. Crocheting is one of the highest paying hobbies.

Crochet thread is often inexpensive while still being durable, washable, and delicate in appearance. Crocheted table cloths, curtains, and bedspreads can be completed within a month by most experts in the craft, and can be sold for hundreds of dollars depending on size and pattern. Other home decoration hobbies like wreath making, basket weaving, or wood working can also be turned into easy income.

Quilting is also a great hobby to make money from. Since fewer and fewer people know how to quilt, a hand made quilt is hard to come by, and therefore valuable. You can often make at least a fifty percent profit on your completed quilts. Baby quilts are also very popular. Sewing and knitting of any kind can be very profitable hobbies. Knit sweaters, baby hats, booties, mittens, and other items can be big sellers at flea markets and swap meets. Clothing items can also be sold at these locations very easily.

Well made home sewn clothing is often stronger than the cheap clothes that you can get at the local department store, but can be sold for the same price or less while still earning the seamstress quite a bit of money. Wedding dresses, bridesmaid dresses, and prom dresses can be huge income earners for the expert seamstress.

One of the best hobbies to make money from is gift baskets. Decorating jars and other containers using appliqué, ribbons, and paint can be combined with the creative mixture of perfumes, bath oils, and bubble baths to make very pretty, country style gift baskets. These bath baskets are great for gifts all season round, including mother’s day, birthdays, and Christmas, making them a very profitable hobby.

Gardening is also one of the more profitable hobbies. If you like to garden but don’t really need everything you plant, you can take the left over to a farmer’s market. You can also simply set up a stand on the side of the road in some communities. Fresh produce is a great commodity, and can earn you a hefty income in the spring.

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering disciplines.

It requires a solid understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and energy. Mechanical engineers use the core principles as well as other knowledge in the field to design and analyze motor vehicles, aircraft, heating and cooling systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, robotics, medical devices and more.


Degrees in mechanical engineering are offered at universities worldwide. In China, India, and North America, mechanical engineering programs typically take four to five years and result in a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc), Bachelor of Technology , Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng), or Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc) degree, in or with emphasis in mechanical engineering. In Spain, Portugal and most of South America, where neither BSc nor BTech programs have been adopted, the formal name for the degree is "Mechanical Engineer", and the course work is based on five or six years of training.

In the U.S., most undergraduate mechanical engineering programs are accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) to ensure similar course requirements and standards among universities. The ABET web site lists 276 accredited mechanical engineering programs as of June 19, 2006. Mechanical engineering programs in Canada are accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), and most other countries offering engineering degrees have similar accreditation societies.

Some mechanical engineers go on to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering, Master of Science, Master of Engineering Management (MEng.Mgt or MEM), a Doctor of Philosophy in engineering (EngD, PhD) or an engineer's degree. The master's and engineer's degrees may or may not include research. The Doctor of Philosophy includes a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to academia.

The total number of engineers employed in the U.S. in 2004 was roughly 1.4 million. Of these, 226,000 were mechanical engineers (15.6%), second only to civil engineers in size at 237,000 (16.4%). The total number of mechanical engineering jobs in 2004 was projected to grow 9% to 17%, with average starting salaries being $50,236 with a bachelor's degree, $59,880 with a master's degree, and $68,299 with a doctorate degree.

This places mechanical engineering at 8th of 14 among engineering bachelors degrees, 4th of 11 among masters degrees, and 6th of 7 among doctorate degrees in average annual salary. The median annual income of mechanical engineers in the U.S. workforce is roughly $63,000. This number is highest when working for the government ($72,500), and lowest when doing general purpose machinery manufacturing in the private sector ($55,850).

Hospitality Service

The concept of Hospitality Services, also known as “accommodation sharing”, “hospitality exchange” and “home stay networks”, refers to centrally organized social networks of individuals who trade accommodation without monetary exchange. While this concept could also include house swapping or even time share plans, it has come to be associated mostly with travelers and tourists staying with one another free of charge. Since the 1990s, these services have increasingly moved away from using printed catalogs and the telephone, to connecting users via the internet.

In essence, these systems employ reciprocity – users gain access to other users’ information only by posting their own. Required fields normally include name and contact information, though newer services encourage users to include more detailed personal material, including likes and dislikes, hopes and dreams, and even photographs. Of course, more information included tends to improve the chances that someone will find them trustworthy enough to host or stay with while traveling. It is very much akin to social networking sites.

Staying in private homes means that travelers can save lots of money on accommodation that they would usually be spending on hotels or hostels. Used over a long period of time, this strategy can cut overall travel budgets in half, or even more combined with hitchhiking. These savings can then be passed on towards more generously patronizing local establishments or simply staying abroad for longer periods of time.

Travel Agency

A travel agency is a retail business, that sells travel related products and services, particularly package tours, to customers, on behalf of suppliers, such as airlines, car rentals, cruise lines, hotels, railways, sightseeing tours and tour operators. In addition to dealing with ordinary tourists, most travel agencies have a separate department devoted to making travel arrangements for business travelers and some travel agencies specialize in commercial and business travel only. There are also travel agencies that serve as general sales agents for foreign travel companies, allowing them to have offices in countries other than where their headquarters are located.

As the name implies, a travel agency's main function is to act as an agent, that is to say, selling travel products and services on behalf of a supplier. Consequently, unlike other retail businesses, they do not keep a stock in hand. A package holiday or a ticket is not purchased from a supplier unless a customer requests that purchase. The holiday or ticket is supplied to them at a discount. The profit is therefore the difference between the advertised price which the customer pays and the discounted price at which it is supplied to the agent. This is known as the commission. A British travel agent would consider a 10-12% commission as a good arrangement.

A travel agent is supposed to offer impartial travel advice to the customer. However, this function almost disappeared with the mass-market package holiday and some agency chains seemed to develop a 'holiday supermarket' concept, in which customers choose their holiday from brochures on racks and then book it from a counter. Again, a variety of social and economic changes have now contrived to bring this aspect to the fore once more, particularly with the advent of multiple no-frills airlines.

Independent Agencies usually cater to a special or niche market, such as the needs of residents in an upmarket commuter town or suburb or a particular group interested in a similar activity, such as sporting events, like football, golf or tennis.

There are two approaches of travel agencies. One is the traditional, multi-destination, out-bound travel agency, based in the originating location of the traveler and the other is the destination focused, in-bound travel agency, that is based in the destination and delivers an expertise on that location. At present, the former is usually a larger operator like Thomas Cook, while the latter is often a smaller, independent operator

Book Packaging Business

Book-packaging is a publishing activity in which a publishing company outsources the myriad tasks involved in putting together a book—writing, researching, editing, illustrating, and even printing—to an outside company called a book-packaging company. Once the book-packaging company has produced the book, they then sell it to the final publishing company.

In this arrangement, the book-packaging company acts as a liaison between a publishing company and the writers, researchers, editors, and printers that design and produce the book. Book packagers thus blend the roles of agent, editor, and publisher. Book-packaging is common in the genre fiction market, particularly for books aimed at pre-teens and teenagers, and in the illustrated non-fiction co-edition market.

Publishing companies use the services of book-packaging companies in cases where the publishing company does not have the in-house resources to handle a project. There are two main reasons that publishing houses hire a book-packaging company: labor-intensive books like books with many illustrations or photographs, books which require coordinating the input of several authors, or 'novelty' books, such as gardening books that contain seed packages and series books.

In many cases, the book is first conceived as a marketing concept, and a writer is then hired to write the book on a work for hire basis. In some cases, book packaging companies use a celebrity with a very marketable name as the credited author, while using a professional ghostwriter to do most of the writing, researching, and editing.

Book-packaging is a common strategy between smaller publishers in different territorial markets where the company that first buys the intellectual property rights, sells a package to other publishers and gains an immediate return on capital invested. Indeed, the first publisher will often print sufficient copies for all territories and thereby obtain the maximum quantity discounts on the print run for all.

Antiques Restoration

Antiques restoration refers to either the practice of "restoration"- restoring an antique or work of art to a like-new condition (or what might be perceived by a viewer or potential buyer as like-new), or "conservation"- the practice of preserving an antique or work of art against further deterioration.

Restoration can be as simple as light cleaning to remove disfiguring dirt or grime, such as on the surface of a painting, or it may include near complete rebuilding or replacement, as might be the case with old automobiles or furniture.

Often done in preparation for sale, or by an collector upon acquiring a new piece, the main goal of restoration is to "restore" the original appearance or functionality of a piece. There is a lot of difference between restoring and repairing.

You may achieve functionality with a repair, but restoring an item properly is an art-form. Finishes might/may be stripped and redone, but it is essential that the original patination is retained, if possible. Stripping is only done as a last resort, especially with antique furniture. Engines might be rebuilt with new parts as necessary, or holes in a silver pot might/may be patched.

While some of these practices are frowned on by many museums, scholars, and other experts, for many people there is little value in an antique that is unusable or not able to be displayed. Poor restoration is the bane of a trained restorer. Working on someone else's bad repair is the worst possible situation. Often with antique restoration, there are also other issues as well. For example, some collectors value "patina", or also want an item to still reflect an aesthetic that shows its age- in this respect, an "over restored" item can actually take away from its value than if nothing has been done to the item at all. Therefore, restoration should always be left to professionals who are sensitive to all of the issues- insuring that a piece retains or increases its value after

Restorers are often trained craftsperson's, such as furniture makers, mechanics, or metalsmiths. Some have years of experience in their fields, whereas others are self-taught volunteers. Many of the antique aircraft around the United States are restored by trained aircraft engineers assisted by volunteers, some of whom are men who flew those same aircraft years ago.

"French Polishing" was the industry standard in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, pushed aside by the efficient advantage of modern methods in the Industrial Revolution. Lacquers and spray systems replaced the original French polish finish, which is impractical for mass furniture production due to the labor-intensive process of application. As the desire for antiques was not idle, neither was the need for them to be appropriately restored; thus, the trade has been kept alive by a thread.

Technical Writer

A technical writer is a professional writer who designs, writes, creates, maintains, and updates technical documentation—including online help, user guides, white papers, design specifications, system manuals, and other documents. Engineers, scientists, and other professionals may also produce technical writing, sometimes handing their work to a professional technical writer for editing and formatting. A technical writer's primary responsibility is to produce technical documentation for technical, business, and consumer audiences.

When creating a document, a technical writer gathers information by studying existing material and interviewing subject matter experts (SMEs). The technical writer also studies the audience to learn their needs and technical level.

Well-formed technical documents follow common publishing guidelines. Technical documentation comes in all styles and formats, depending on the medium. Printed documentation has different standards from online documentation. Usually, technical writers follow formatting conventions described in a standard style guide. In the US, most technical writers use the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS). Many companies have their own corporate style guides, typically extensions of the CMS to cover specific corporate issues. One of these, the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications is even used by some other companies.

Engineering projects, particularly defense or aerospace related projects often follow national and international documentation standards—such as ATA100 for civil aircraft, or S1000D for defense platforms.

Technical writers normally possess a mix of technical and language abilities. They may have a degree or certification in technical communications. Many technical writers switch from another technical field such as engineering or science, often after taking classes in technical communications.

A good technical writer has the ability to create, assimilate and convey technical material in a concise and effective manner. A technical writer may specialize in a technical area in which they have acquired expertise. For example, some API writers mostly work on API documents, while others specialize in medical or environmental material.

Mortgage Broker

A mortgage broker acts as an intermediary who sells mortgage loans on behalf of individuals or businesses.

Banks' activities can be divided into retail banking, dealing directly with individuals and small businesses; business banking, providing services to mid-market business; corporate banking, directed at large business entities; private banking, providing wealth management services to High Net Worth Individuals and families; and investment banking, relating to activities on the financial markets. Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises.

However, some are owned by government, or are non-profits. Central banks are normally government owned banks, often charged with quasi-regulatory responsibilities, e.g. supervising commercial banks, or controlling the cash interest rate. They generally provide liquidity to the banking system and act as Lender of last resort in event of a crisis.

The nature and scope of a mortgage broker's activities varies with jurisdiction. For example in the UK anyone offering mortgage brokerage is offering a regulated financial activity; the broker is responsible for ensuring the advice is appropriate for the borrowers' circumstances and is held financially liable if the advice is later shown to be defective. In other jurisdictions the transaction undertaken by the broker may be limited to a sales job: pointing the borrower in the direction of an appropriate lender, no advice given, and a commission collected for the sale.

Therefore the work undertaken by the broker will depend on the depth of their service and liabilities. Typically the following tasks are undertaken:
Marketing to attract clients. Assessment of the borrower’s circumstances. This may include assessment of credit and affordability. Assessing the market to find a mortgage product that fits the client’s needs. Applying for a lenders agreement in principle. Gathering all needed documents, completing a lender application form. Explaining the legal disclosures. Submitting all material to the lender.

Duties Of A Librarian

A librarian is an information professional trained in library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials for those with information needs. Typically, librarians work in a public or college library, an elementary or secondary school media center, a library within a company, or another information-provision agency. Some librarians are independent entrepreneurs working as information specialists, catalogers, indexers and other professional, specialized capacities. Librarians may be categorized as a public, school, correctional, special, independent or academic librarian.

Specific duties vary depending on the size and type of library. Olivia Crosby described librarians as "Information experts in the information age". Most librarians spend their time working in one of the following areas of a library:

Public service librarians work with the public, frequently at the reference desk of lending libraries. Some specialize in serving adults or children. Children's librarians provide appropriate material for children at all age levels, include pre-readers, conduct specialized programs and work with the children to help foster interest and competence in the young reader. In larger libraries, some specialize in teen services, periodicals, or other special collections.

Reference or research librarians help people doing research to find the information they need, through a structured conversation called a reference interview. The help may take the form of research on a specific question, providing direction on the use of databases and other electronic information resources; obtaining specialized materials from other sources; or providing access to and care of delicate or expensive materials. These services are sometimes provided by other library staff that have been given a certain amount of special training; some have criticized this trend.

Technical service librarians work "behind the scenes" ordering library materials and database subscriptions, computers and other equipment, and supervise the cataloging and physical processing of new materials.

Collections development librarians monitor the selection of books and electronic resources. Large libraries often use approval plans, which involve the librarian for a specific subject creating a profile that allows publishers to send relevant books to the library without any additional vetting. Librarians can then see those books when they arrive and decide if they will become part of the collection or not. All collections librarians also have a certain amount of funding to allow them to purchase books and materials that don't arrive via approval.

Archivists can be specialized librarians who deal with archival materials, such as manuscripts, documents and records, though this varies from country to country, and there are other routes to the archival profession. Systems Librarians develop, troubleshoot and maintain library systems, including the library catalog and related systems.

Electronic Resources Librarians manage the databases that libraries license from third-party vendors. School Librarians work in school libraries and perform duties as teachers, information technology specialists, and advocates for literacy. Outreach Librarians go out of their way to provide library and information services for underrepresented groups, such as people with disabilities, low income neighborhoods, homebound adults and seniors, incarcerated and ex-offenders, and homeless and rural communities.

Experienced librarians may take administrative positions such as library or information center director. Similar to the management of any other organization, they are concerned with the long-term planning of the library, and its relationship with its parent. In smaller or specialized libraries, librarians typically perform a wide range of the different duties.

Gemcutter

A gemcutter is a person who cuts, shapes, and polishes natural and synthetic gemstones.

Among a gemcutter's work are the following activities:
Positioning rough stone in a holder, and holding the stone against the edge of a revolving saw or lapidary slitter impregnated with diamond dust to cut and slit stone. Removing cut stone and placing it in lapidary stick. A gemcutter then selects the shaping wheel and applies abrasive compound. They hold a lapidary stick against the revolving shaping wheel and lapidary disk to further shape stone and grind facets.

Examining stone for accuracy of cut, using a magnifying glass. A gemcutter polishes stone, using felt or canvas-covered polishing wheel, and polishing compounds, such as tripoli or rouge. Possibly using a mechanical facet-cutting device. A gemcutter may cut and polish diamonds for industrial purposes, and be designated as an Industrial-Diamond Polisher (jewelry-silver.). The term gemcutting is used to describe the process of shaping and polishing faceted gemstones.

While the gemstone in the rough state may be trimmed to remove undesirable material or to separate it on a cleavage line with a diamond bladed saw, accurately described as cutting and once done by the use of a chisel or similar tool to simply break off pieces that were usable as single gemstones.

The actual shaping and polishing of a gemstone is a grinding or sanding process. This grinding and sanding is done using a lap, a precision metal plate embedded with grit similar to the more familiar embedding of grit on paper the lap is of high precision particularly for flatness and turned by a motor. The grit material is normally diamond and sometimes corundum for their hardness. Only diamond is hard enough on the Mohs scale to shape and polish a diamond.

The initial shaping and facet placement may be done using laps with the more familiar grits of 220, 600, 1200. The polishing step, however, requires grits that are less familiar 8,000 14,000 50,000 and even 100,000. This grit is also embedded into a metal lap, but sometimes applied manually to the lap during polishing.

The faceting equipment allows for very precise adjustment of angle and location of facet placement around the gemstone referred to as indexing. The facet design may be computer generated or left to the skill and experience of the individual cutting the gemstone.

With the exception of diamonds a coolant is constantly applied to keep the gemstone cool since it is usually held in place on the end of a dop using high temperature shellac based wax or other adhesive. Diamonds are held mechanically since the heat generated by friction can be extreme and will not allow the use of adhesives.

Cabochons, a smooth shaped gemstone without facets such as jade or turquoise and most gemstones are shaped and polished in much the same manner, but are usually done by hand relying on the skill of the individual and the use of equipment similar to that shown as lapping equipment

Flight attendant- Passenger Care Responsibilities

Flight attendants or cabin crew or stewards, air hosts/hostesses, or stewardesses are members of an aircrew employed by airlines to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers aboard commercial flights as well as on select business jet aircraft.

The main and always primary duty of a flight attendant is for safety but they do also provide a caregiving and customer service role on board commercial flights. Customer service duties include the preparation and serving or selling of onboard food and beverage. Flight attendants also offer comfort items including blankets, pillows, hot towel service, handing out headsets, magazines, newspapers, amenity kits, games and on certain airlines hand out pyjamas and set up and make the lie flat beds. They also distribute customs forms on international flights and assist passengers with their proper completion prior to landing.

The Cabin Service Director (CSD), Cabin Service Manager (CSM). The title associating with this crew member differs from airline to airline. These crew are mainly found on larger aircraft types and are in charge of the running of the cabin. They report when the cabin is secure for takeoff and landing, deliver on-board announcements, and any broken or missing emergency equipment items to the pilots after the preflight check. They generally operate the doors during routine flights as well as hold the manifest and account for all money and required paperwork and reports for each flight. 2-4 Senior Crew Members may also be on board the larger aircraft types.
Cabin Service Directors are flight attendants that have been promoted through the ranks flight attendant -> senior crew member -> purser -> Cabin Service Director. To reach this position the crew member must have had a mandatory amount of service years within the airline or airlines prior to changing airline. Further training is mandatory, and Cabin Service Directors typically earn a higher salary than flight attendants because of the added responsibility.

Fashion designing And Areas of work

Fashion design is the applied art dedicated to clothing and lifestyle accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time.

Fashion design differs from costume design due to its core product having a built in obsolescence usually of one to two seasons. A season is defined as either autumn/winter or spring/summer. Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first person to sew their label into the garments that they created. While all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 could be considered as fashion design.

Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends. Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men’s, women’s, and children’s fashions for the mass market. Large designer brands which have a 'name' as their brand such as Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, or channel are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the direction of a designer director.

There are three main ways in which designers can work:
Working freelance: Freelance designers works for themselves. They sell their work to fashion houses, direct to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label.
Working In-house: In-house designers are employed full-time by one fashion company. Their designs are the property of that company, and cannot be sold to anyone else.

Own Label: Fashion designers often set up their own companies. A lot of designers find this more satisfying than working for someone else, as their designs are sold under their own label

Camera Operator

A camera operator is a person that operates a film or video camera for the purpose of recording motion to film, video, or a computer storage medium. Camera operators serving in an official capacity in the process of filmmaking may be known variously as a camera operator, cameraman, television camera operator, video camera operator, or videographer, depending on the context and technology involved.

The operator is responsible for physically operating the camera and maintaining composition throughout a given scene or shot. In narrative filmmaking, the camera operator will collaborate with the director, director of photography, actors and crew to make technical and creative decisions. In this setting, a camera operator is part of a camera crew consisting of the director of photography and one or more camera assistants. In documentary filmmaking and news, the camera operator is often called on to film unfolding, unscripted events. The operator may or may not be working in collaboration with a director or producer.

Important camera operator skills include choreographing and framing shots, knowledge of and the ability to select appropriate photographic lenses, and other equipment like dollies, camera cranes, etc. to portray dramatic scenes. The principles of dramatic story telling and film editing fundamentals are important skills as well. The camera operator is required to communicate clearly and concisely on film sets where time and budget constraints are ever present.

Camera operators are often wrongly mistaken for the movie director.

Chemist

A chemist is a scientist trained in the science of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its small-scale properties such as density and acidity instead of large-scale properties like size and shape. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, reaction rates, and other chemical properties.

Chemists use this knowledge to learn the composition, and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry.

Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. Chemical engineers are concerned with the physical processes necessary to carry out industrial reactions and to separate and purify the products, and work with industrial chemists on the development of new processes.

Jobs for chemists usually require at least a bachelor's degree, but many positions, especially those in research, require a Ph.D. Most undergraduate programs emphasize mathematics and physics as well as chemistry, partly because chemistry is also known as "the central science", thus chemists ought to have an all-rounded knowledge about science.

At the Master's level and higher, students tend to specialize in a particular field. Fields of specialization include biochemistry ,nuclear chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, quantum chemistry, environmental chemistry and physical chemistry. Postdoctoral experience may be required for certain positions.

Cartoonist

A cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing cartoons. Traditionally much of this work was, and still is, humorous, and is intended primarily for entertainment purposes. Many traditional print cartoons are of the single-panel variety, and are published in print media of various kinds, for example, in magazines such as the New Yorker and Punch.

The term cartoonist is also applied to those who create more serious editorial or political cartoons, as well as those who create comic strips, comic books and graphic novels.

The word is sometimes used for those who create animated cartoons including manga, although a person who designs the visual part of animated cartoons is perhaps more commonly referred to as an animator.

A cartoonist traditionally sketches his work out roughly in pencil first, before going over the sketches in black ink, using either a brush or a metal nibbed pen.

Cartoonists whose work is intended for online publication increasingly work in digital media. Cartooning in the sense of animation is used in animated feature films, some television shows. It is also sometimes used in regular movies for special sequences such as dreams or fantasy scenes, or for the title sequence.

Automotive Designing

Automotive design is the profession involved in the development of the appearance, and to some extent the ergonomics, of motor vehicles or more specifically road vehicles. This most commonly refers to automobiles but also refers to motorcycles, trucks, buses, coaches, and vans. The functional design and development of a modern motor vehicle is typically done by a large team from many different disciplines included in automotive engineers.

Automotive design in this context is primarily concerned with developing the visual appearance or aesthetics of the vehicle, though it is also involved in the creation of the product concept. Automotive design is practiced by designers who usually have an art background and a degree in industrial design or transportation design.

The task of the design team is usually split into three main aspects: exterior design, interior design, and color and trim design. Graphic design is also an aspect of automotive design; this is generally shared amongst the design team as the lead designer sees fit. Design focuses not only on the isolated outer shape of automobile parts, but concentrates on the combination of form and function, starting from the vehicle package.

The aesthetic value will need to correspond to ergonomic functionality and utility features as well. In particular, vehicular electronic components and parts will give more challenges to automotive designers who are required to update on the latest information and knowledge associated with emerging vehicular gadgetry, particularly dashtop mobile devices, like GPS navigation, satellite radio, HD radio, mobile TV, MP3 players, video playback and smartphone interfaces.

Though not all the new vehicular gadgets are to be designated as factory standard items, but some of them may be integral to determining the future course of any specific vehicular models.

Calligraphy

Calligraphy is the art of writing. A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner".

The story of writing is one of aesthetic evolution framed within the technical skills, transmission speed and materials limitations of a person, time and place. A style of writing is described as a script, hand or alphabet.

Modern calligraphy ranges from functional hand lettered inscriptions and designs to fine art pieces where the abstract expression of the handwritten mark may or may not supersede the legibility of the letters.

Classical calligraphy differs from typography and non-classical hand-lettering, though a calligrapher may create all of these; characters are historically disciplined yet fluid and spontaneous, improvised at the moment of writing.

Calligraphy continues to flourish in the forms of wedding and event invitations, font design/ typography, original hand-lettered logo design, religious art, various announcements/ graphic design/ commissioned calligraphic art, cut stone inscriptions and memorial documents.

Also props and moving images for film and television, testimonials, birth and death certificates/maps, and other works involving writing.

General Contractor

A general contractor is a group or individual that contracts with another organization or individual for the construction, renovation or demolition of a building, road or other structure. A general contractor is defined as such if it is the signatory as the builder of the prime construction contract for the project.

A general contractor is responsible for the means and methods to be used in the construction execution of the project in accordance with the contract documents. Said contract documents usually include the contract agreement including budget, the general and special conditions and the plans and specification of the project that are prepared by a design professional such as an architect.

A general contractor usually is responsible for the supplying of all material, labor, equipment, engineering vehicles and tools and services necessary for the construction of the project. To do this it is common for the general contractor to subcontract part of the work to other persons and companies that specialize in these types of work. These are called subcontractors.

General contractors conducting work for government agencies are typically referred to as prime contractors. The responsibilities of a prime contractors working under a contract are essentially identical to those outlined above. In many cases, prime contractors will delegate portions of the contract work to subcontractors.

Occasionally the entity commissioning the construction of the building chooses to act as the general contractor. In such cases, they work directly with the subcontractors and take care of the administration and organization of the various subcontractors.

Under these conditions the owner takes on all liability for proper sequencing of the work, and dealing with the realities of construction.

Owners considering this approach should keep in mind that general contractors make a living working with known subcontractors. An established General Contractor will have established relationships that will outlast one construction project, and the subcontractors will acknowledge this with their cooperation. Owners seldom have this advantage, and most subcontractors will recognize the risk of working with a one time client with higher bids.

Disc Jockey

A disc jockey also known as DJ or deejay is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience.

There are several types of disc jockeys. Radio DJs introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, shortwave, digital, or online radio stations. Club DJs select and play music in a bar, club, disco, at a rave, or even in a stadium. Hip-hop disc jockeys select, play, and create music with multiple turntables, often to back up one or more MCs.

In reggae, the disc jockey is a vocalist who raps, toasts, or chats over recorded rhythm tracks while the individual choosing and playing them is referred to as a selector. Mobile disc jockeys travel with portable sound systems and play at a variety of events.

The role of selecting and playing recorded music for an intended audience is the same for every disc jockey. The selected music, the audience, the setting, the preferred medium, and the level of sophistication of sound manipulation are factors that differentiate the various DJ types.

Using several turntables, CD players, or a hard-drive source, a club disc jockey selects and plays music in a club setting. The setting can range anywhere from a neighborhood party or a small club to a disco, a rave, or even a stadium. The main focus of club DJs is on the music they play and how they mix tracks in and out, sometimes just to add a bit of energy to a track. They build their sets by choosing tracks to control the energy level of the crowd and use beatmixing techniques for seamless transitions between tracks. For more information, see Notable Club DJs.

Process Computing

In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being sequentially executed by a computer system that has the ability to run several computer programs concurrently.

A computer program itself is just a passive collection of instructions, while a process is the actual execution of those instructions. Several processes may be associated with the same program; for example, opening up several instances of the same program often means more than one process is being executed. In the computing world, processes are formally defined by the operating system running them and so may differ in detail from one OS to another.

A single computer processor executes one or multiple instructions at a time one after the other. To allow users to run several programs at once, single-processor computer systems can perform time-sharing. Time-sharing allows processes to switch between being executed and waiting to be executed. In most cases this is done very rapidly,

Providing the illusion that several processes are executing 'at once'. This is known as concurrency or multiprogramming. Using more than one physical processor on a computer, permits true simultaneous execution of more than one stream of instructions from different processes, but time-sharing is still typically used to allow more than one process to run at a time. Concurrency is the term generally used to refer to several independent processes sharing a single processor; simultaneity is used to refer to several processes, each with their own processor. Different processes may share the same set of instructions in memory to save storage, but this is not known to any one process. Each execution of the same set of instructions is known as an instance— a completely separate instantiation of the program.

For security and reliability reasons most modern operating systems prevent direct communication between 'independent' processes, providing strictly mediated and controlled inter-process communication functionality.

Batch Processing

Batch processing is execution of a series of programs jobs on a computer without human interaction.

Batch jobs are set up so they can be run to completion without human interaction, so all input data is preselected through scripts or command-line parameters. This is in contrast to "online" or interactive programs which prompt the user for such input.

It allows sharing of computer resources among many users and programs, it shifts the time of job processing to when the computing resources are less busy, It avoids idling the computing resources with minute-by-minute human interaction and supervision, By keeping high overall rate of utilization, it better amortizes the cost of a computer, especially an expensive one.

Batch processing has grown beyond its mainframe origins, and is now frequently used in UNIX environments and Microsoft Windows too. UNIX systems uses shells and other scripting languages In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being sequentially executed by a computer system that has the ability to run several computer programs concurrently.

. DOS systems uses batch files powered by COMMAND.COM, Microsoft Windows has cmd.exe, Windows Script Host and advanced Windows PowerShell

Batch processing is also used for converting a number of computer files from one format to another. This is to make files portable and versatile especially for proprietary and legacy files where viewers are not easy to come by.

Industrial Designing

Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, user ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and sales.

General Industrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement, but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.

In Depth "Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)

Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words.

Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.

Interior Designing and its Specializations

Interior designing, interior decoration or decor is a practice concerned with anything that is found inside a space - walls, windows, doors, finishes, textures, light, furnishings and furniture. All of these elements are used by interior designers to develop a functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing space for a building's user.

The work of an interior designer draws upon many disciplines including environmental psychology, architecture, product design, and traditional decoration. They plan the spaces of almost every type of building including: hotels, corporate spaces, schools, hospitals, private residences, shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, and airport terminals. Today, interior designers must be attuned to architectural detailing including: floor plans, home renovations, and construction codes.

Interior designers can specialize in a particular interior design discipline, such as residential and commercial design. Commercial design includes offices, hotels, schools, hospitals or other public buildings. Some interior designers develop expertise within a niche design area such as hospitality, health care and institutional design.

In jurisdictions where the profession is regulated by the government, designers must meet broad qualifications and show competency in the entire scope of the profession, not only in a specialty. Designers may elect to obtain specialist certification offered by private organizations. Interior designers who also possess environmental expertise in design solutions for sustainable construction can receive accreditation in this area by taking the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) examination.

The specialty areas that involve interior designers are limited only by the imagination and are continually growing and changing. With the increase in the aging population, an increased focus has been placed on developing solutions to improve the living environment of the elderly population, which takes into account health and accessibility issues that can affect the design. Awareness of the ability of interior spaces to create positive changes in people's lives is increasing, so interior design is also becoming relevant to this type of advocacy.

Online Form Filling Job

You could have a system that runs virtually on autopilot where you could Make RS.250-RS.500+ per day working only 60 minutes. No experience or special skills are required. All you will need is a computer and access to the internet. This opportunity is available to everyone worldwide. What you will be doing is typing out and submitting online forms.

You can Login and access your PPC forms to fill out and enter the data into the PPC forms then click the Submit Button. That’s done.

The real money is made with your mind, by applying yourself. That doesn't mean work hard, it means work smart. All the while you're doing it for yourself, not some business that just pays you enough so you don't quit! So get ready to make great money on your own.

There is no base pay, and no max pay. You can make as much as you want. It will depend on certain factors. Some of which are your motivation and desire. If you want to make a lot of money, then it's there for the taking. Some people make more then rs.10, 000 a month using these types of systems. Those results are not typical. To achieve those types of results you need to put a fair amount of time and effort into learning this system. But once you do, you can definitely make that kind of money the more effort you put in; the more you get out of it.

You are free to type at much as you want. You can type for 60 minutes one day, or none at all. It’s completely up to you. You have 100% total freedom to type when and where you like.
You can set your own hours and work whenever you. You do not need any special skills to type at home. You will a computer with internet connection and possess basic knowledge of the internet.

Real Estate Marketing

There's no doubt that 2009 will be an interesting year for the real estate industry. The economy is still on shaky ground, buyers are having a hard time getting financing, and foreclosures continue at record numbers across the United States.

The question is, how do you plan to adjust your real estate marketing strategy to reflect this new economy we are facing? And beyond that, how will you adjust your business as a whole?

These are tough questions, but they are questions you must start asking yourself. A few agents already are making some serious changes to their real estate marketing strategies in order to survive and thrive in 2009. It's beyond the scope and possibility to offer specific advice on marketing strategy -- that's something you must develop for yourself.

In the near future, those real estate agents who take an educational approach to their marketing are going to get the biggest share of business in their market areas. It's not enough anymore to say: "I'm an agent in your area and I can help you. Give me a call." Actually, that was never a good marketing strategy, but it's even weaker in the new economy. Home buyers and sellers have more questions today than ever before. So if you want to sustain your real estate marketing program in that kind of environment, you have to adjust the strategies you use.

For example, home buyers today have a lot of questions about financing -- more so than in the past. They have heard about people making mortgage mistakes and getting foreclosed on. And they know it's harder to get approved for a mortgage loan these days. So the best real estate marketing strategies are those that address these burning questions.

Investigative Journalism

Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest, often involving crime, political corruption, or some other scandal.

An investigative journalist is a man or woman whose profession it is to discover the truth and to identify lapses from it in whatever media may be available. The act of doing this generally is called investigative journalism and is distinct from apparently similar work done by police, lawyers, auditors and regulatory bodies in that it is not limited as to target, not legally founded and closely connected to publicity".

An investigative journalist may spend a considerable period researching and preparing a report, sometimes months or years, whereas a typical daily or weekly news reporter writes items concerning immediately available news. Most investigative journalism is done by newspapers, wire services and freelance journalists. An investigative journalist's final report may take the form of an exposé.

The investigation might call for the reporter to make use of activities such as surveillance techniques, analysis of documents, investigations of the performance of any kind of equipment involved in an accident, patent medicine, scientific analysis, social and legal issues, and the like.

Investigative journalism requires the scrutiny of details, fact-finding, and physical effort. An investigative journalist must have an analytical and incisive mind with strong self-motivation to carry on when all doors are closed, when facts are being covered up or falsified and so on.

Investigative journalism can be contrasted with analytical reporting. Analytical journalism takes the data available and reconfigures it, helping us to ask questions about the situation or statement or see it in a different way, whereas investigative journalists go further and also want to know whether the situation presented to us is the reality.

Outsourcing Web Development

India is one of the finest and most popular outsourcing partner to a growing global clientele. Outsourcing has brought together some of the best minds in the business so that clients can benefit without having to employ these experts. Web development is one of the key areas where outsourcing to India is concerned. There are many advantages of outsourcing web development to India and here is a look at some of them.

Web development is a specialist task and requires the dedicated efforts of professionals. It cannot be handled in house or handed to amateurs and yet it doesn’t need full time employees. Outsourcing web development to companies in India provides you your very own team of web development experts. From the programming and development to the design and content, your outsourcing company in India will be able to provide the right professionals for all aspects of web development.

Outsourcing web development to India gives you an opportunity to work with professionals who have a lot of experience in web development and in outsourcing. An offshore JAVA developer India or an offshore AJAX developer India would have worked on a multitude of projects as compared to someone you may consider employing. This experience widens the perspective of the professionals and they have more value to add to your project. Also Indian companies have years of experience in outsourcing and have standard procedures that make it easier for you to communicate your thoughts and responses and for them to be incorporated.

Indian companies have been working with offshore clients for years now and have strict security and recruitment procedures to ensure that clients work with the most talented web development professionals.

Buying A Franchise

It seems only natural for someone starting a company to wander about how much they can make from that venture. When it comes to business, not much can be worse than the realization that all the hard work and sacrifice that goes into building a business is not producing the desired financial returns.

For someone who is shopping for a franchise, the answer to the question above brings some good and bad news.

The good news is that an ever growing number of franchises offer some sort of an earnings claim that should enable the buyer to get a general idea of a franchisors' average unit performance. Plus, the franchise candidate has complete access to all the current franchisees in the system and has the ability to directly interview them about their financials. The bad news is that, despite all the safety nets build into the idea of franchising, the candidate won't be able to completely remove significant element of risk from the transaction. Every concept that has been franchising for more than 10 years has had some failures in their system.

There are thousands of franchise options out there. Creation of a cash flow model, business plan, interviews of current and former franchisees and visits to the company headquarters are all necessary steps in the process. If a particular industry has been selected, being very conservative with the financial assumptions about the business. Creating a contingency fund is very important. Keep in mind that the majority of new businesses fail because they run out of cash.

In the end, in order to make the most out of franchise business, the candidates have to believe in themselves. Naturally, not every franchise is successful and makes its owners money. The key to finding out how much money can be made is to invest the time to understand the details.

Project Management Consulting

There are many reasons that corporate executives turn to external consultants to provide project management support for their projects. The challenges that organizations face include: sub-par project performance, the potential for lost credibility, lack of experience with a particular project type, and a lack of internal project management practitioners. Project management consulting firms can supply experienced practitioners that offer high-quality solutions to the complex issues facing project teams.

Often times it is the highly visible, at-risk project that drives management to recognize that a better project management approach is required. Frequently, project management consultants are brought in to address various project-related issues including: poor on-time performance, unsatisfactory financial results, dysfunctional team dynamics, and complicated team composition.

Many projects, by default are managed using a reactive approach to problem solving. This style of project management creates an environment where “fire fighting” is the norm and the latest project emergency demands the attention. A proactive project management approach enables project teams to identify obstacles earlier in the project, which allows them to make better decisions and provide more cost effective solutions. By implementing the right mix of training, consulting and advanced tools, a project management consulting firm can establish an early warning system that provides management a forward-looking tool to ensure their project will be executed as-agreed.

Some projects are so critically important to the success of an organization that failure is simply not an option. In some cases, a past project may have been so poorly executed that management wants assurance that future projects will be more successful. A project management consulting firm can assist in this scenario by helping to deploy advanced risk mitigation tools and providing expert scrutiny of existing project schedules.

Project management consulting firms can bring a combination of experience, knowledge and advanced tools that are not readily available in most organizations. By combining those capabilities with an understanding of best-in-class project management practices it is easy to see how the benefits realized from using a project management consulting firm can far outweigh the out-of-pocket investment.

Cargo Transportation

System of country’s auto-roads and railroads may be compared with its blood circulatory system. This system is used to deliver all that is necessary for life support of towns, villages and manufacturing companies. Big cargo traffic never stops. The economy and population level of living depend on how well moving and transportation companies work.

The main categories of cargo transportations are: railway, sea, air and auto transportations. Each of the aforesaid transportation types has its own advantages and disadvantages. Auto cargo transportation is the most effective, accessible and economic one. Platform trucks and covered trucks, trailers and road tank trucks, refrigerated trucks and lumber trucks, container carriers and others - you may choose necessary vehicle for each cargo type.

Modern electronic communication facilities and means of navigation allow controlling on-line movement of each vehicle. In such a way freight forwarder may be sure that the delivery timeframe will not be exceeded. Further let's talk about cargo safety and insurance. Insurance guarantees that the cargo or your belongings are protected and will not be lost or damaged during the transportation or moving.

Cargo transportation using pallets, which allow quickening cargo loading and unloading, is also very convenient. Platform vehicles are used for cargos which are not sensible to temperature differences and precipitations. Cargos which are sensible to aforesaid usually are transported in covered trucks (one of the most popular types of transportation means all over the world). Covered trucks have high carrying capacity and speed. Their covers are manufactured from modern polymeric materials, which safely protect cargo from direct sunlight, snow and rain.

Online Scrapbooking Business

When starting your online home business regardless of what ever field you might be in you can defiantly use all the assistance you can find and the federal government can be a fantastic source for getting that assistance. You may probably wonder in what specific ways can they assist you in getting started. Here are some areas that the government offers assistance in getting your new online home business up and running.

These grants are grouped and separated by business and state categories. These categories include agriculture, general business and real estate. You could also find funds for development and research for your online Scrapbooking business. Most of these grants can range from five thousand dollars to as high as six figures. The best thing about this is that you don't have to pay back this money.

Now that assistance and money are no longer a problem to start your home Scrapbooking business the federal government also offers an advisory service that you can capitalize on. These services will help you in improve your labor management relations and management skills. This is important information when starting a home business.

There is a great deal that the government can do to assist you get your home Scrapbooking business up and running. It's a simple matter of just taking some time to search your local sources to get the entire process started. Remember to take full advantage of these fantastic offers. It's not everyday that someone simply hands you free funds that will allow you to make lots of money.

So don't waste any more time, get the whole process started and you could be well on your way to a successful and flourishing business, if you would like to know more on this topic check out the attached link which shows you the art of making money on the internet.

Online Share Trading

The truth is that many of the principles that apply to playing the online share market and winning are very similar to those you use offline. You need to really know your market and be constantly learning, you also need to be patient, develop a good system and seeing the big picture.

The first step to being successful at online share trading is to spend time researching the market. Any business that you get involved in requires understanding of your market and what needs to be done in order to succeed in it, online share trading is no different, you have to invest in your education, whether this means investing time, money or both. Constantly be learning and growing and be prepared to adapt as situations change.

There is no ideal system that always wins, but all successful online share traders have some system that they use to determine whether to invest in certain shares or not and when to sell.

You should work on creating a system that works for you and stick to it even if there are sometimes failures. The system you develop should set limits of when you will cut your losses and how much risk and loss you are prepared to accept before selling out.

Developing patience and learning to wait for the right deals is another step to playing the online share market to win. Don’t take trades that are too risky simply because you feel you need to remain in the market at all times. Learn patience to wait for the best trades.

Online share trading is a mixture of understanding the details, as well as seeing the big picture. It is important to understand the big picture so that individual losses do not lead to you giving up when you could still see a profit from persevering.

Home Based Collection Agencies

A much needed service with low startup costs. For people with the fortitude, stamina and personality to be able to successfully collect outstanding debt, it is a much-needed service and potentially a lucrative business. A successful debt collector can justify the less than glamorous connotation of collecting outstanding debt by keeping the wronged business owner in mind. The business owner offered a product/service in good faith with the expectation of being duly compensated. The home-based collection agency is attempting to right a wrong. For individuals looking to work from home, this is a perfectly legal, necessary type of business.

A person who is persistent, patient and has a pension for investigation will have an easier time at being a debt collector than someone lacking such qualities. Not all outstanding debtors are upstanding citizens who are undergoing a financially difficult time. Some have intentionally defaulted, closed up shop and have moved without a forwarding address. For these types of deadbeats, it takes patience, persistence and investigative skills.

A close second to the above-mentioned personality traits is the ability to negotiate and speak empathetically with debtors. Some debtors have fallen on difficult financial times and have every intention of honoring their commitments. Unfortunately, unexpected financial disasters have befallen them. An empathetic debt collector with a keen ability to negotiate can finagle the outstanding debt to the top of the debtors "bills to pay" list, thereby increasing the likelihood of payment.

An ability to read people, whether in person or over the phone is also another valuable trait. It will help the debt collector to determine which tactic works best for each debtor.

Computer Repair And Maintenance

Everybody with a computer knows that moment of panic when the hard drive crashes--and for businesspeople, it usually happens when they’re staring into the eye of a deadline. But if you’re a computer physician capable of diagnosing virtual ills and then repairing them, you can take on the appearance of an angel of mercy as a computer repair specialist. You’ll drive out to clients’ homes or offices with your briefcase of tools and equipment and heal those sickly computers and printers. You can also earn tidy revenues with preventive maintenance--dusting or vacuuming innards and cleaning disk drives on a quarterly or semiannual basis.

The advantages to this business are that it’s recession-proof--businesses need computers to operate, and home-computer buffs can’t live without their virtual pals, either. And since the computer industry is one of exponential growth, peripheral industries like computer maintenance and repair are here to stay. As a final plus, this business is satisfying--people are always appreciative when you bring an acutely ill hard drive or printer back to health. You’ll need to have the knowledge and skills of a good computer physician, including how to change motherboards, repair and replace hard drives.

Your clients can be anybody with a computer, both businesses and individuals. Leave business cards and fliers with computer and software retailers.

Give talks on computer maintenance to professional and civic organizations and at local colleges and other adult-education centers.

You’ll need a computer, an inkjet or laser printer, computer tinkering tools like screwdrivers and miniature vacuums, computer cleaning supplies, diagnostic software, commonly used parts and reference manuals. In some states, you’ll need a license and a commercial shop to perform repairs, be sure to check with the business licensing department.

Telecommuting

Telecommuting, e-commuting, e-work, telework, working at home (WAH), or working from home (WFH) is a work arrangement in which employees enjoy flexibility in working location and hours. In other words, the daily commute to a central place of work is replaced by telecommunication links. Many work from home, while others, occasionally also referred to as nomad workers or web commuters utilize mobile telecommunications technology to work from coffee shops or myriad other locations.

Telework is a broader term, referring to substituting telecommunications for any form of work-related travel, thereby eliminating the distance restrictions of telecommuting. All telecommuters are teleworkers but not all teleworkers are telecommuters. A frequently repeated motto is that "work is something you do, not something you travel to". A successful telecommuting program requires a management style which is based on results and not on close scrutiny of individual employees. This is referred to as management by objectives as opposed to management by observation.

Long distance telework is facilitated by such tools as virtual private networks, videoconferencing, and Voice over IP. It can be efficient and useful for companies as it allows staff and workers to communicate over a large distance, saving significant amounts of travel time and cost. As broadband Internet connections become more commonplace, more and more workers have enough bandwidth at home to use these tools to link their home office to their corporate intranet and internal phone networks.

The roots of telecommuting lay in early 1970s technology, linking satellite offices to downtown mainframes by dumb terminals using telephone lines as a network bridge. The massive ongoing decrease in cost and increase in performance and usability of personal computers forged the way to decentralize even further, moving the office to the home.

Telecommuters are linked to their home office by using groupware, virtual private networks, and similar technologies to collaborate and interact with team members. As the price of VPN-capable routers, high-speed Internet connections to the home, and VOIP technology has plummeted in recent years, the cost to connect a telecommuter to their employer's intranet and telecommunications system has become negligible when compared with the operating costs of conventional offices.

Telecommuting options increase the employability of proximal or circumstantially marginalized groups, such as mothers and fathers with small children, the disabled and people living in remote areas. It can also reduce an individual's carbon footprint, through minimizing daily commuting. The set up also offers possibilities for increased service and international reach, since telecommuters in different time zones can ensure that a company is virtually open for business around the clock. Telework has also enabled offshore outsourcing.

Telecommuting provides employee flexibility, eases the working parent's burden, increases employee productivity, and reduces absenteeism. Virtual offices allow employers to keep valuable employees, allow employers to hire employees otherwise not available, and have facilitated productive re-engineering of order-management and customer service processes.

Pay-Per-Click Search Engines

No time to wait for search engine optimization to take effect? Just want more traffic? Don't pay for bulk traffic, use a reputable pay-per-click search engine.

There are some tricks to doing well with PPC, and some things to watch out for, but the basics are easily enough mastered. The details may take a little longer, but pay-per-click can be very, very well worth your while.

Pay-per-click is rapidly becoming a vital source of advertising for all kinds of online businesses. If you know how to get your clicks for cheap you can save a lot of money and still make sales.
This is not going to teach you all the tricks. If you want to master pay-per-click, I suggest reading one or more of the following: (ebooks here). Each has a somewhat different take on how you can master pay-per-click, so read in my reviews to figure out which ones best complement one another.

The most basic technique is to do a lot of keyword research for as many search terms as possible, then see how cheaply you can get your clicks. Wordtracker is excellent for this. I do my basic research first using their free version, but switch to the paid version when I am ready and have hours to do nothing but generate lists. This allows me to pay for only a single day rather than for a longer subscription. If you use Wordtracker very often, however, you will eventually want to consider a monthly or annual subscription.

Make sure your keyword lists are separated by the page you will be sending visitors to. You should never send a pay-per-click visitor to your home page when they have searched for a specific item.

How specific should you get? As specific as you like. If you are selling electronics you can research terms that will bring visitors to the exact item they are searching for, as an example.
The biggest question is how much to pay. You need to keep careful track of your earnings to decide on this one. I often start a campaign with a low rate, often only 5-10 cents per click, then increase it as conversions warrant. You can certainly start higher; it depends on how competitive your phrases are and what it takes to get your ad seen. Being on the eighth page of results in a pay-per-click search engine isn’t any better than being there in the natural results.

But what if you aren’t getting conversions? There are two places to look. One is your ad. Is the copy well written? Is it clearly aimed towards people looking to buy? If you are getting a good number of clicks on your ad but not making sales, take a look at the copy on your sales page. Perhaps it is not effective. It make take a small change or a large one, but you must be willing to make the changes to get sales. You can read more on this topic in my article, “Why isn’t my site converting?”

Once you have a good number of clicks and sales it is time to determine if you are making a good profit, and whether you need to increase or decrease your cost per click, or maybe make other changes.

Look at how many clicks it is taking you to get one sale on average. You need multiple sales to determine this; do not be overanxious and start calculating after a single sale. Also do not be excessively patient. If you have hundreds of clicks and no sales, something needs to be fixed.

If your site is converting your clicks well, but you aren’t getting the number of visitors you would like, it is probably time to increase your bid. Calculate what you are earning from each sale and what each sale is costing you. If you make a sale every 20 clicks, earning you $40, even paying $1 per click would leave you with a $20 profit per sale, which is certainly not bad. On the other hand, earning $10 for every 20 clicks would limit you to a bid somewhere below 50 cents a click, depending on what profit margin you would like to see.

Do not leave your profit margins too thin. You need some time to react should your conversion rates drop. Pay-per-click is not something you can start up and then simply ignore. Keep up with what works for your sales, be aware if your position drops too low and keep reading to improve your techniques, as time and profits allow.

There are many pay-per-click search engines to try, with a variety of ad requirements and minimum bids. Check for special offers with each to see if you can save on your signup.
If this all sounds confusing, try buying a tool to help you. AdWord Analyzer is very effective at helping you to determine if a campaign is likely to be worth your time. You'll quickly know how competitive an area is in both Google AdWords and Yahoo Search , and generates a list of related keywords. This can save tremendous time and money.

Turnkey Home Business

A turnkey business is, by definition, one that is easy to start. Perhaps the hardest part of a turnkey business is finding a good one.You need to know how to get around the hype and find a real turnkey business, one that offers real potential, not empty promises. You have to want to work the business, since just because a business is called "turnkey" doesn't mean it is effortless.

A turnkey business is one that offers everything you need to get your business started in one package. In online terms, this means you get a website, products and so forth. You essentially "turn the key" and start your business.

You can think of a turnkey as being like a franchise. The products should have some decent sort of reputation already, the style of the website is probably consistent with others in the same turnkey opportunity. Online, you have to deal with the added challenge of there being no borders. With a franchise in the real world, you have the potential to be granted an exclusive territory; there is no way to create territories on the Internet.

As with any business opportunity, you need to do your due diligence. Check with the BBB, Ripoff Report and established home business discussion boards to see if anyone knows about the particular opportunity. Find out what you are going to be selling, what limitations there are on you and generally look for anything that just "feels wrong" about an opportunity. If you aren't comfortable, you aren't likely to be making sales, even online.

You will need to know if you have to provide your own domain name and hosting or if those are included. If they are included, compare what you are being charged by the seller of the turnkey opportunity versus what you could buy it for on your own. Ask for a cost breakdown of what the package includes.

Home Business Notary for less than $200

One opportunity you should think about is forming a home business notary office, if you want to enter the great world of home based business. This is a field that’s becoming more and more popular with people who want to have their own home based business. This guide will help you decide it becoming a notary is right for you.

There are many benefits to being a home business notary. Chief among them is the ability to choose the way you want to work. You can be mobile and go from client to client, or you can set up your notary service in your home and have your clients come to you. You can work part-time or full time. It’s all up to you!

And there are various ways on how to become a notary and get your notary license. Most states have specific guidelines and licenses that they require before you can open your home business notary. You will have to check with your state notary association for full details on the requirements for a home business notary.

Generally, though, to become a home business notary and receive a notary license, you have to take a brief course that usually only takes one day of your time, and then you take a notary exam. Local community colleges and universities in your area very likely offer the classes necessary to become a notary public. If there aren’t any colleges in your area that offer a notary public class, you can find schools online that do.

Correspondence courses are also available. Make sure, though, that any class you take fulfills your particular state’s notary public requirements for obtaining a notary license. The courses usually cost about $120, but that’s a small investment that will bring you big returns in the future.

It’s also a good idea to check out the opportunities for notary public services in your area. Some places to look are at banks, financial institutions of all types, attorneys, nursing homes, real estate offices, and insurance companies. These are just a few of the many types of businesses that have a need for reliable notary public services.

Most of them would prefer to have a notary public on call rather than have one on staff in order to cut back on employee expenses and employee benefits. This is good news for you, because it means that there are more chances that a company will use your notary public services on an as needed basis, which allows you to have more clients. Many of them will even allow you to rent a desk and phone space in exchange for your notary public services.

Charges for notary public services range anywhere from $25 to $200, depending on the service you provide. If you’re going to your clients, you can charge more because of the expense involved in travel. If the job is particularly involved or time-consuming, this also allows you to charge more. It’s a good idea to go for the high-volume clients like banks that need a lot of notary public services, rather than to focus on big jobs that take a lot of time. The more clients you have, generally, the better off you are.

Before taking any action on becoming notary public certified, though, do your research. Find out what your state requires and where you can get the training you need. You also want to find out what the competition in your area’s doing, and know what you have to do to beat it. Maybe the notary publics in your area have their clients come to them. If that’s true, then you want to be a mobile notary public. And if your area’s saturated with notary services, you may want to consider a different home based business altogether.

It’s also a good idea to plan for how you’re going to get the news out about your new home business notary. There are many ways you can advertise. Newspaper ads, flyers, and business cards are just a few of the many marketing tools available for you to make use of to spread the news about your notary public business. Before you do, just make sure you have the notary license you need to operate in your state. You wouldn’t want to be fined for impersonating a notary public, now would you?

Offering Services As A Home Business

Service businesses such as website design, graphic design, photography and so forth face interesting challenges. You have to know how to estimate the time it will take you to complete a project and what your time is worth, without scaring away potential customers. And if you're just getting started, even finding customers may be a challenge.

One of the quickest ways to go out of business, even working at home, is to under price your services so that it is all but impossible to make a profit.

There are many factors to consider when pricing; for example, difficulty of projects, technical requirements, rate the competition charges and what market segment you are targeting.
It's easy to tell yourself that you'll run a discount service and get lots of customers. It's certainly true that cheap services get a lot of customers, but they have to do a lot more work to earn the same money as a higher priced service. Don't only think about how many customers you want; think about how many hours you want to work to earn a living. If you want to be working your business 80 hours a week in 20 years, stick with being a discount provider.

If your services are equal to or better than a mid priced company's services, why not price your services in the midrange. This will allow your home business a much healthier bottom line, and you should still get plenty of customers.

Deciding to be a high-priced company means that you are targeting a highly profitable clientele, but they can be pickier as well. You need to be able to provide results if you are charging more than the average.

Your technical skills will greatly determine what you can charge. A website designer who only knows HTML will not be able to earn as much per project as one who can create a database driven PHP website. You may want to consider upgrading your skills as you build your home business so that you can take on the more challenging and more profitable projects out there.

It's not always easy to price what the competition charges. Not everyone posts on their website what they charge. The words 'call or email for quote' are quite common online. Competitors are also not supposed to tell each other what they charge, to prevent price fixing. But you can still get a general idea by pretending to be a potential customer if you like. Do not do much of this, as it is not fair to waste a competitor's time, but appears to be not uncommon in some industries.

Perhaps a better way to determine your rates is to figure out what you want to earn each year, the number of hours you want to work each week, and figure out what you need to charge per hour to make a profit. Remember that most of your hours, particularly at the start, will not be spent in working for customers; instead they may be spent in marketing your home business and otherwise trying to get customers. You need to include assumptions for those in your calculations as well, since you can't directly bill the customers for that.

Home Business In Direct Sales

Direct sales/MLM is perhaps the most popular form of home business. Depending on the company you work with, you may get instant name recognition, sales tools and more. But that doesn't mean it will be easy.

You have to know how to recognize scams, saturated markets and opportunities. You have to be able to approach people freely and tell them about your business.

On the fun side, many For many, the easiest way to start a home business is to join a direct sales or MLM opportunity. The hardest part, however, can be choosing the right opportunity.
There are many factors to consider. To make sales simpler, I sugget choosing a company first by what you already enjoy doing. This will allow you to be truly enthusiastic about your business. Think about your hobbies and interests, then find an opportunity that matches.

However, this is far from the only consideration. There are all too many programs out there that border on illegal. You want to watch out for companies that require you to make a purchase every month, as this is a sign of a pyramid scheme. They can make it sound good, but if the business gets closed down by the FTC, you have lost your business. Check out the FTC website's article on what to watch out for. Forced buying is a big one.

Once you are satisfied that the program is legal and ethical, the next step is to decide who has reasonable compensation for your efforts. Look both at what you will be earning and what you will get for building a downline. Think about how much you will really have to sell in order to make a living.

Now it's time to take a look around. How's the competition in your area? In some areas, the market may be saturated for a given opportunity, while in others you could be the first. Check local bulletin boards for flyers from other reps as well as classified ads and so forth. How often do you get cards or door hangers for this opportunity at your home? If you think you see too much competition, you may need to consider another opportunity.

If you haven't already, now is the time to find a sponsor. This person will be your upline, and you want them to be very supportive of you and have answers to your questions. If they can't help you decide whether or not to join the opportunity, they aren't going to be there for you when you need help.

Also take a look at the company's customer service. If they don't respond to your questions, how will they treat customers or you when you call with a problem with an order? You want the company to be there for you too.

Finally, if you are interested in selling online, find out what the restrictions are on having your own website and marketing online. Some opportunities let you advertise online, but only to a blind website which does not mention their name. Other direct sales opportunities do not allow any sort of online advertising. If you want to have a website, make sure you are allowed to have one. The ideal is to be allowed to design your own website, so you have a better chance of getting search engine traffic. The option to sell on eBay could also be a consideration.

Multilevel Marketing

Multilevel marketing, or MLM, relies very heavily on the team of people you are working with. MLM by its very nature is dependent on quality relationships between a group, and as a manager of others it falls to you to build and maintain a powerful and effective group of retailers in order to maximize everyone’s profits.

A good team player is many things including responsible, open to suggestion and flexible. Of course you don’t want a team consisting of those easily led, so a team player must also be able to pull his own weight and help motivate those around him.

When looking to recruit teammates, look first as personality. Is the person offensive to you or would he be offensive to others? Do you enjoy being around the individual? Working with a group has just as much to do with overall personality as it does with work ethic and abilities.
If you find yourself comfortable around a potential team member, take a look at his work background and ethics. MLM is the kind of business that works best for self-starters and those with dedication and initiative. Traditionally good employees might not make the best MLM team members as they might not have the go-to to get the job done without prodding. You don’t want to be constantly offering suggestions and pulling someone along who prefers to be given a menial task rather than finding his own way.

Your MLM team should consist of mature, dedicated individuals who aren’t afraid to work a little harder than everyone else in exchange for the kind of financial rewards that work will bring.
Once the team is assembled, it will be your task as the manager or leader to keep everyone focused and moving forward. MLM relies heavily on bringing in new accounts and representatives, just as any sales format does, so you must keep your team fired up and working hard.

To motivate your team, you should focus on the positive goal rather than potential failure. Everyone responds better to reward than punishment. Avoid statements such as, “If we don’t make our quote this month, we’ll lose money.” Instead bring excitement to the group but relay the same message, “We’re getting close to our goal. As soon as we reach it, we’ll be looking at a huge profit!” Don’t lie, but always focus on the positive.

A strong leader always leads by example. MLM businesses often develop into passive revenue streams, but a good leader doesn’t allow his own efforts to diminish simply because his income has increased. While goals are terrific and should be set together as a team, they do not represent an ending. New goals should constantly be set, and avoid making a goal “maintaining.” It is far harder to get excited about maintaining a level than it is to fire up the team to make it to the next level.

The nature of a MLM business means that many are working to sell similar or the same products. As the leader, you should make every effort to unite your team and share strategies and incentives rather than allowing the team to compete with each other. If possible, gather together for casual activities to develop personal relationships. Discuss things other than work so that the team feels united.

You are the leader and you set the standard for your team. Be excited about the business. Share your ideas and enthusiasm with others and always look forward. Listen to what the others have to say and be fair when making decisions, but always remain the motivating force and guiding light. They look to you and your efforts will not be in vain.